VantageScore vs. FICO Score: What’s the Difference?

If you monitor your credit using a free website, chances are, you’ve seen your VantageScore. However, you may not realize that this credit score is not your FICO score.

So what is a VantageScore credit score and how is it different from a FICO credit score? Is one better than the other? We’ll compare and contrast the two types of credit scores and discuss the merits of each in this article. 

What Is a Vantage Credit Score?

The VantageScore credit score, sometimes referred to as a “Vantage credit score,”  is a credit scoring model created in 2006 by the three major credit bureaus (Experian, TransUnion , and Equifax) to compete with FICO’s credit scoring models.

VantageScore is a tri-bureau credit score, meaning the exact same model is used at each credit bureau.

The most commonly used version of the VantageScore used by lenders today is the third iteration of the credit scoring model, VantageScore 3.0.

VantageScore Solutions, LLC has released VantageScore 4.0, which is supposed to be more accurate than previous versions, but since it takes lenders a long time to adopt new credit scoring models, most are still using VantageScore 3.0.

Who Uses VantageScore?

According to Experian, VantageScore is used by lenders for all types of loans except mortgages, where FICO is still the dominant player. The largest group of financial institutions that uses VantageScore is credit card issuers.

Non-financial institutions have also increasingly been adopting VantageScore, such as landlords and utility providers. 

VantageScore is also widely used by consumer websites that provide educational credit scores and market credit products.

What Is My Vantage Score?

It’s easy to find out what your VantageScore is for free. Credit Karma provides free VantageScore 3.0 credit scores from TransUnion and Equifax, so all you have to do is create an account on creditkarma.com and log in to your Credit Karma account to see your free Vantage credit score.

Credit Sesame and NerdWallet are other sites that provide consumers with free VantageScore 3.0 credit scores from TransUnion.

You can view your free VantageScore with TransUnion and Equifax on Credit Karma.

You can view your free VantageScore with TransUnion and Equifax on Credit Karma.

VantageScore vs. FICO Score

The primary difference between VantageScore and FICO scores is what they are used for. 

FICO scores have been in use for a longer period of time and, consequently, are most widely used by lenders to make lending decisions. According to U.S. News, FICO scores are used by 90 percent of “top lenders.”

While VantageScore credit scores are also used by some lenders, they are more well-known for their use as an educational tool.

Both FICO and VantageScore consider the same general categories of information from your credit report (although they use slightly different terms to describe them), which include:

Payment history
Utilization
Length of credit history/age
Mix of accounts/types of credit
New credit activity/recent credit

Since the scores share the same general categories, it is safe to assume that they will both be bolstered by the same common sense behaviors that lead to good credit, such as not using too much of your available credit and not missing payments. 

However, FICO and VantageScore assign slightly different weights to each category, as shown in the following table (percentage values are approximate).

FICO Score Factors
VantageScore Factors

Payment history, 35%
Payment history, 40%

Utilization, 30%
Credit utilization, 20%

Length of credit history, 15%
Age and type of credit, 21%

Mix of accounts, 10%
Balances, 11%

New credit activity, 10%
Recent credit, 5%

Available credit, 3%

FICO Credit Score Factors Pinterest graphic

FICO Score Factors

VantageScore Factors Pinterest graphic

VantageScore Factors

In addition, within these broader categories listed above, the scoring models have different ways of assigning value to certain variables. Here are a few examples.

Inquiries

Hard inquiries can generally hurt your score by a few points because seeking new credit is considered risky behavior. When people are applying for some types of loans, such as mortgages, auto loans, and student loans, they tend to apply for multiple loans so they can shop for the best rates. Credit scoring models now have different ways of accounting for this behavior so as not to punish consumers for shopping around.

Newer FICO scores group inquiries of the same type together within a 45-day window. That means consumers could apply for 5 auto loans within 45 days and it would only count as one inquiry. Older FICO scores do this within a 14-day window.

FICO scores only apply this rule to student loans, mortgages, and auto loans—not credit cards. According to creditcards.com, the FICO scoring model also includes a 30-day “buffer” against hard inquiries, which means it ignores any inquiries that occurred within the last 30 days.

In contrast, VantageScore groups all inquiries within a 14-day window, regardless of the type of account. You could apply for some credit cards, a student loan, a mortgage, and an auto loan within 14 days, and it would only count as one inquiry.

Collections

Unpaid collections are always going to make a significant dent in one’s credit score, but paid collections and collections with small balances are treated differently between FICO and VantageScore.

With FICO 8, the credit score most widely used by lenders today, all unpaid and paid collections are damaging, regardless of the type of account. FICO 9, the newest FICO score, leaves out paid collection accounts and reduces the impact of unpaid medical collections specifically. Both FICO 8 and FICO 9 disregard collections when the original balance was less than $100.

VantageScore 3.0 and 4.0 are similar to FICO 9 in that they don’t count paid collection accounts and assign less importance to medical collections, but they do not make exceptions for collections with low balances.

Utilization

While utilization is treated fairly similarly with both scoring models, the specific thresholds that affect credit scores vary. VantageScore recommends keeping your credit utilization below 30%, while many experts believe that FICO scores suffer at lower utilization ratios.

Interestingly, the newer VantageScore 4.0 looks at the trends in your utilization over time, such as whether your balances have increased or decreased. FICO scores and previous VantageScore versions only look at the data that is in your credit report at the moment when your score is calculated and do not look “back in time.”

Other Differences Between VantageScore vs. FICO

Tri-bureau vs. single-bureau

With FICO, each credit bureau uses a different version of the score that is specific to that bureau. As a result, consumers often have different credit scores for each credit bureau.

VantageScore, however, was designed to work the same for all three credit bureaus in an effort to reduce the disparity in scores between credit bureaus.

Who can be scored

The two types of scoring models have different requirements for who can be scored.

FICO requires at least six months of credit history and at least one account reported within the last six months. That means if you’re just starting out in building credit, you’ll need to wait six months after opening your first account to establish a FICO score.

On the other hand, VantageScore is able to score consumers with only one month of credit history on at least one account reported within the last 24 months.

Credit score scale

Previous versions of VantageScore had a scale that was different from the scale that the FICO score uses. For example, VantageScore 2.0 ranged from 501-990. The VantageScore 3.0 range was changed to match the FICO credit score scale of 300-850.

However, they have slightly different rating scales within those credit score ranges, as you can see in the table below.

FICO Score
VantageScore 3.0

Credit Score
Rating
Credit Score
Rating

300-579
Very Poor
300-499
Very Poor

580-669
Fair
500-600
Poor

670-739
Good
601-660
Fair

740-799
Very Good
661-780
Good

800-850
Exceptional
781-850
Excellent

What Is a Good Vantage Score?

From the table above, we can see that a good VantageScore is between 661 and 780. Compare this to FICO’s good credit score rating, which is a narrower range of scores from 670 to 739. 

720 would be considered a good credit score with both FICO and VantageScore. Photo by CafeCredit.com, CC 2.0.

720 would be considered a good credit score with both FICO and VantageScore. Photo by CafeCredit.com, CC 2.0.

Similarly, an excellent VantageScore credit score ranges from 781 to 850, while FICO’s “exceptional” credit rating ranges from 800 to 850.

Is There a VantageScore to FICO Conversion Formula?

Unfortunately, there is no Vantage to FICO conversion formula that can be used to calculate your FICO score from your VantageScore and vice versa. 

As we learned in our comparison of VantageScore vs. FICO scores, the two scoring models assign different values to each credit score category and even have slightly different categories.

They also use different proprietary algorithms, the details of which are carefully guarded trade secrets.

To make things even more complicated, both FICO and VantageScore utilize “scorecards” or “buckets” to categorize consumers. Each scorecard has a different way of scoring consumers. In other words, the specifics of the credit score algorithms vary for different consumers even within the same version of a credit score.

Since each credit score is so complex and we as consumers do not have access to the secret algorithms, there is no reliable or accurate way of converting between the two. 

Why Is My Vantage Score Lower Than FICO?

Since VantageScore and FICO scores differ in the weights they assign to each category and variable within the scoring model, it is likely that one will usually be lower than the other. 

Since payment history is weighted more heavily with VantageScore than FICO (40% vs. 35%, respectively), a missed payment could bring your VantageScore down a bit more than your FICO score.

Another reason for having a lower VantageScore could be having unpaid low-balance collections on your credit report, which hurt your VantageScore but not your FICO 8 or 9 score.

However, what people tend to see more commonly is that their VantageScore is slightly higher than their FICO score because VantageScore seems to be more forgiving when it comes to credit utilization.

Which Credit Score Is Better?

Unfortunately, there is no straightforward answer to the question of which credit score is superior to the other. Each credit score has value for its respective purposes.

Although some people dismiss VantageScore as being a “fake” or inaccurate version of a FICO score, that’s not necessarily a fair comparison. Although both scores emphasize the same general credit principles, they have significant differences in the ways they treat certain factors. VantageScore is intended to be a competitor to FICO, not an exact replicate, so we shouldn’t expect them to be the same.

Since the same general principles shape how both scores work, however, oftentimes what helps one will help the other. This is why VantageScore has been so successful as an educational score offered by many free sites despite its differences from FICO.

While consumers may often have to pay to get their FICO score, they can monitor their credit and get a good idea of what is affecting their score for free using consumer websites that employ VantageScore. They can then take action that will help improve both their VantageScore and their FICO score.

Therefore, for general credit-building purposes, VantageScore is just as useful as FICO.

That said, it is important to keep in mind that most lenders still use FICO scores and many use earlier versions of FICO, which may be less comparable to VantageScore credit scores. If you are applying for a mortgage soon, for example, you’ll probably want to pull your FICO score in addition to your VantageScore, since mortgage lenders overwhelmingly use FICO in their lending decisions.

VantageScore and FICO scores are both important to get to know as a consumer, especially as VantageScore gradually becomes more popular with lenders. 

What do you think about the VantageScore credit score? Have you compared yours to your FICO score? We’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments.

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What Are Credit Scores and How Can Tradelines Help?

What Are Credit Scores and How Can Tradelines Help? Pinterest graphicWhen it comes to credit scores, there’s a lot of confusion and misinformation out there. Our credit scores impact our lives in more ways than you might think, yet, unfortunately, they are complicated and difficult to understand. In this article, we’ll clear up what credit scores are, why they matter, how to build credit, and how to improve your credit score.

What Is a Credit Score?

A credit score is a 3-digit number that is meant to represent your credit risk, or how likely you are to default on a loan. This credit rating is calculated based on the information in your credit report, which lists your current and recent credit accounts.

To use an analogy, your credit report is like your school transcript: it is a list of your current and recent credit accounts and how well you did in paying them off on time. Your credit score rating is like your overall GPA: it sums up all of that credit history information into a single number.

While there are many different versions of credit scores, most lenders use a FICO credit score. Another credit score, called the VantageScore, was developed by the three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. The VantageScore is primarily used for educational purposes rather than lending decisions.

Both the VantageScore and the FICO credit scores range from a low of 300 to the highest score of 850. Lower numbers represent a higher likelihood of defaulting on a loan, which is considered bad credit, while higher numbers represent a lower likelihood of defaulting on a loan, which is considered good credit.

Why Is Your Credit Score Important?

If you ever want to buy something using credit instead of cash—a house or a car, for example—you’ll likely want to have a good credit score. Your credit score is what lenders use to decide whether or not they should loan you money and what the terms of that loan should be.

If you have a bad credit score or no credit score at all, you may have a hard time getting credit from lenders.

If you have a bad credit score or no credit score at all, you may have a hard time getting credit from lenders.

If you don’t have a credit score or credit history at all, lenders don’t have a way of judging your creditworthiness. Therefore, they may see you as too much of a risk and decline your request for credit.

If you do have a credit score, lenders will see it as a representation of how risky it is to lend money to you. A great credit score means you are a low-risk borrower, which means lenders can offer you low interest rates and other perks, such as credit card rewards.

On the other hand, a low credit score represents a high risk to lenders, since it shows that you may be more likely to default on a loan. To compensate for the higher risk of default, lenders charge higher interest rates and fees to those with poor credit scores—if they are willing to extend credit at all.

Your credit score doesn’t just affect your access to credit and the costs associated with using credit. Credit scores have increasingly been used for a variety of non-credit applications.

Phone carriers and utility providers may require a security deposit based on the results of your credit check.

Phone carriers and utility providers may require a security deposit based on the results of your credit check.

A significant percentage of employers do credit checks on prospective employees, so a bad credit score could cost you your dream job.
Your credit score may affect what you pay for insurance, so you’ll want to have a good credit score if you want to get the best insurance rates.
Landlords often check credit scores of applicants to see how reliable they are in paying their bills.
Utility providers and even cell phone carriers may check your credit score to determine whether to charge you a security deposit upfront.

As you can see, credit scores affect a lot more than just your ability to get credit, and it is more important than ever to prioritize building your credit score.

What Factors Determine Credit Scores?

Although the specific algorithms behind credit scores are closely-guarded trade secrets, the general categories that affect credit scores are widely known. In general, here’s what makes up a credit score:

Payment history: 35%. This is the most important piece of your credit score, so even one late or missed payment can do a lot of damage.
Utilization (how much you owe): 30%. Your utilization ratio is the ratio of the amount of debt on all your revolving accounts (e.g. credit cards) to your total available revolving credit, expressed as a percentage. Credit scores may account for both your overall utilization ratio and the utilization ratio of each individual tradeline. The lower your utilization, the better for your credit score.
Length of credit history: 15%. This category considers factors like your average age of accounts, the age of the oldest account in your credit file, and the ratio of “seasoned” to non-seasoned tradelines. A seasoned tradeline is defined as one that is at least two years old, at which point it is believed that the account begins to have a more positive impact on your credit score. The more age your accounts have, the more they will help your credit score.
The five factors that affect your credit score by Tradeline Supply Company, LLC

These five main factors affect your credit score.

Credit mix: 10%. Creditors want to see that you can responsibly use different types of credit, so they look for a variety of accounts in your credit report, including both revolving credit accounts and installment loans.
New credit: 10%. This credit score category takes into account any new inquiries and new accounts that you have added in the past 6 to 12 months. Creditors consider seeking new credit a risky behavior, so inquiries can hurt your score. Opening a new account can also have a temporary negative effect on your score since it has no age or payment history.

What Is a Good Credit Score?

Scores between 670 and above are considered good credit scores. Very good credit scores lie between 740 and 799 while excellent credit scores include scores of 800 and above.

Which credit score is the best? Only about 1% of Americans have the coveted 850, a perfect credit score.

Credit scores range between 300 and 850, with 850 being the best credit score possible.

Credit scores range between 300 and 850, with 850 being the best credit score possible.

How to Get a Good Credit Score
The most important factor of a good credit score is a history of on-time payments.

The most important factor of a good credit score is a history of on-time payments.

Here are some things that can help you get a good credit score:

A history of on-time payments
Low utilization ratios
Accounts that are at least 2 years old
A mix of different revolving and installment accounts
Minimal inquiries
Monitoring your credit report for errors

Learn more about how to increase your credit score with do-it-yourself credit repair strategies and our guide to how to get an 850 credit score.

What Is a Bad Credit Score?

According to Investopedia, credit scores of 579 or below are considered bad credit scores, with 61% of borrowers in this credit score range being predicted to become delinquent on future loans.

Credit scores in the range between 580 and 669 are considered fair because only 28% of these borrowers are predicted to become delinquent on future loans. Unfortunately, even those with fair credit scores often have difficulty getting credit and higher interest rates than those with good or excellent credit scores.

Bad credit scores can have serious consequences that reach farther than just your finances. For more on bad credit, its effects, and how to fix it, check out our article on bad credit.

Here are some things that can lead to a bad credit score:

Having too much debt can drag down your credit score.

Having too much debt can bring down your credit score.

Late or missed payments
High credit card balances
Low account age
Not enough accounts
Too many inquiries
Collections
Judgments
Foreclosure
Bankruptcy
Identity theft

How to Build Credit

To build credit, you’ll need to open your own credit accounts and keep them in good standing by always making payments on time. This is the foundation of a good credit score.

Once you build credit by piggybacking, you can open your own accounts to continue building your credit score.

Once you build credit by piggybacking, you can open your own accounts to continue building your credit score.

However, as we mentioned, it can be difficult to start building credit since lenders typically want to see a credit score and credit history before extending credit.

The fastest way to build credit, especially for those who have a limited credit history, is to piggyback on the credit of someone else. Examples of credit piggybacking include getting a cosigner or guarantor in order to qualify for credit, opening a joint account with someone, or being added as an authorized user.

Once you have started to establish a credit history by piggybacking, you can continue to build up your credit by opening up more tradelines. You can also add tradelines to your credit file that already have years of perfect payment history to help balance out the effects of any derogatory accounts.

Remember, tradelines are the foundation of building credit because all credit starts with tradelines.

How to Improve Your Credit Score

If you need to fix your credit score, there are some strategies you can use to repair your credit score yourself, such as disputing errors on your credit report and paying down high credit card balances.

Since payment history makes up the majority of your credit score, the most important thing is to get all of your accounts current and make sure to make all payments on time in the future, and your credit score should gradually recover.

When it comes to boosting your credit score, lasting results will require patience, good financial practices, and knowledge of how the credit system works. Use our free educational resources to learn more about credit scores, building credit, and how tradelines can help add credit history to your credit report.

Ready to buy tradelines? See our updated tradeline list now.

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What Is a CPN?

What Is a CPN?

“CPN” or “CPN number” can stand for credit privacy number, credit profile number, or consumer protection number. A CPN is a 9-digit number that is often marketed as a replacement for your social security number (SSN).

Some sources claim that celebrities and government officials use CPNs to maintain their privacy, since SSNs are linked to a lot of personal information, but there is no documented legitimate source for a CPN. The Social Security Administration is the source for all SSNs and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the source for all Employer Identification Numbers (EINs). These organizations do not issue CPNs and no other government entities issue such numbers.

You may have seen some businesses claim to sell CPNs as a way for consumers with poor credit to apply for credit with a “clean slate.” Since the CPN is a different number than your SSN, it does not have your credit report associated with it. These companies would like you to believe that you can purchase a CPN and use it instead of your SSN on credit applications, thereby hiding your credit history from creditors.

A CPN might sound like a good solution if you have concerns about privacy or if you have had trouble with your own credit and want to “start fresh.” However, you should exercise extreme caution when dealing with anyone trying to sell you a CPN. Keep reading to find out why.

How Do CPNs Work?

Sellers of CPNs often claim that the use of these numbers is permissible thanks to the U.S. Privacy Act of 1974. This act allows people to withhold their SSNs on documents if providing an SSN is not expressly required by federal law.

Since the federal government does not require that consumers provide SSNs on credit applications from private companies, you are free to withhold your SSN—however, the creditor is also free to deny you credit without this information. The U.S. Privacy Act of 1974 does not permit the use of CPNs on credit applications, contrary to what some credit repair companies would like you to believe.

The reason some people can get away with using false SSNs sold as CPNs on credit applications, instead of their real SSN, is that lenders sometimes fail to cross-verify applications thoroughly enough to confirm that the name on the application matches the listed SSN.

Although you may encounter many businesses offering “clean” CPN numbers for sale, they won’t tell you where these numbers came from or how they were obtained. They cannot provide legitimate documentation on where these numbers originated from.

Some sellers falsely claim that they have attorneys who can request a CPN number application from the government for you, but since the government does not issue CPNs, this is impossible. In reality, there are two ways that disreputable companies obtain so-called CPNs, both of which are illegal:

They use real SSNs that have been stolen from other people, often from children, the elderly, deceased people, homeless people, or those who are incarcerated. Scammers target these demographics because they are less likely to notice that their SSNs have been compromised. If someone promises to sell you a CPN that has a certain credit score or credit report, this is a big red flag that it is actually an SSN that has been stolen from someone else.
They create new, fake social security numbers that have not yet been issued by the United States government. They do this by using algorithms to generate 9-digit numbers and checking them against online databases to see which numbers can successfully pose as SSNs. They then sell these numbers as CPNs to unsuspecting consumers.

How to Get a CPN

The truth is that there is no legitimate way to obtain a CPN because CPNs are not issued or recognized by any government agency. As described above, the only way to get a CPN is to purchase a stolen or fake social security number on the black market.

While credit repair agencies and other companies who sell them may appear legitimate, there is nothing legitimate about buying a fraudulent SSN, which is what a CPN is. An SSN is a government identifying number and the government does not “sell” these numbers or offer CPN applications.

Some businesses may alternatively try to sell you an EIN, or employer identification number, promising that EINs are a legitimate form of CPNs. Although the IRS does issue EINs, these are exclusively for business use, which means that an individual hoping to improve their credit cannot legally use an EIN in place of their SSN.

In addition, according to the IRS, “EINs are issued for the purpose of tax administration and are not intended for participation in any other activities.” Businesses can obtain loans associated with their EIN number, but individuals may not use an EIN as an alternate SSN to obtain a personal loan.

The Social Security Administration has the authority to assign new SSNs in extreme cases, but the requirements are strict. You can only get a new SSN if your life is in danger or if you can prove that someone has stolen your number, is actively using it, and is causing you significant continued harm.

If you do get a new SSN, your new number is still linked with the credit from your old number, and they both receive special indicators that help alert creditors of this change, so this would not work as a way to leave your credit history behind.

Credit Privacy Numbers: Are They Legal?

To find out whether CPNs are legitimate and legal, we can go straight to the highest authority to see the official policy in writing. In this case, the highest authorities are the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). The FTC is a federal agency that polices business activities to help protect consumers and the Social Security Administration (SSA) is the agency that administers all Social Security-related programs, so these are the governing authorities when it comes to consumer protection, identity theft and fraud. The policies of these federal institutions override any other opinions or lower-level organizations.

According to the FTC, “It is a federal crime to lie on a credit or loan application, misrepresent your Social Security number, and obtain an EIN from the IRS under false pretenses.”

Clearly, using a CPN on any credit or loan application that asks for your SSN is misrepresenting your social security number. Therefore, engaging in this action is an act of fraud. There are many credit repair companies and other businesses who appear to be legitimate offering to sell you a CPN, but the bottom line is that if you misrepresent your SSN, you are committing a federal crime. This is verifiable in writing straight at the source, from the highest governing agencies.

The Federal Trade Commission has issued warnings against companies that sell CPNs to those looking to improve their credit, labeling such practices as scams. Here is what the FTC has said about CPNs:

“The credit repair companies may tell you to apply for credit using the CPN or EIN, rather than your own Social Security number. And they may lie and tell you that this process is legal. But it’s a scam. These companies may be selling stolen Social Security numbers, often those taken from children. By using a stolen number as your own, the con artists will have involved you in identity theft.”

If you follow this advice and use a CPN instead of your SSN on a credit application, you would be committing fraud, and you could face some serious charges and prison time.

The Social Security Administration has also been very clear about their official stance on CPNs:

“The proliferation of Credit Privacy Numbers (CPNs) is a relatively new SSN misuse scheme and a threat to the security of child identity information… Despite what many of these credit repair websites imply, consumers should know that CPNs are not legal.”

Boosting Your CPN Credit Score

Credit repair companies that sell CPNs and CPN tradeline packages often say that it is easier to “boost” the credit scores of CPNs and allow you to essentially hide bad credit that may be associated with your real SSN. While this tactic is becoming more common, the fact that it is happening does not make it legal. Hiding previous bad credit by using a replacement SSN is misrepresenting your identity and is considered fraud on a federal level.

It is not surprising that the lure of buying a CPN and starting over with a clean slate appeals to many people. When consumers encounter misinformation circulated by disreputable companies and hear about others having success using CPNs, it is easy to see how someone could fall for this trap and unknowingly participate in fraud. Unfortunately, the idea of using CPNs as a quick fix for credit is indeed too good to be true.

The sad fact is that ignorance is no excuse for breaking the law, and blaming the company for selling illegal services does not make the consumer immune to the potential consequences. If someone does decide to purchase a CPN and use it instead of their SSN, they are creating a verifiable paper trail of this action that could come back to haunt them many years down the road, since records would be created every time a person uses this tactic.

CPNs and Synthetic Identity Fraud

The use of CPNs has contributed to a new form of fraud called synthetic identity fraud, also known as synthetic identity theft. Synthetic identity fraud is the criminal practice of creating fake personas through a combination of real and fictitious data.

For example, scammers could combine the address of one person with the phone number of another and the SSN (or CPN) of a third. This false identity is then used to open credit accounts and make thousands of dollars in fraudulent purchases, followed by defaulting on payments. Since the fraudulent account is not linked to a real individual, it is difficult to track down the perpetrator and collect the debt.

It is estimated that this type of fraud causes billions of dollars in losses annually. Worse still is the damage it causes to victims whose identities are compromised.

This is where CPNs come into play. As we have seen, many CPNs sold to consumers are actually SSNs that belong to real people, especially children. Individuals seeking to “repair” their credit combine these stolen SSNs with their real name to essentially create a synthetic credit profile.

When criminals, or even unsuspecting consumers, use a child’s SSN to obtain credit and then default on the debt, this leaves lasting negative marks on the child’s record. When the child becomes an adult, they will face suspicion from lenders and difficulty obtaining credit due to the delinquencies on their record. They may not even be aware of the crime until they need to use their SSN for financial reasons as an adult. For example, they may apply for student loans and be denied as a result of the bad credit associated with their SSN.

The credit industry and the federal government are increasingly focusing on ways to crack down on this new type of fraud. In 2017, the FTC and the U.S. Government Accountability Office both convened groups of experts to discuss how to combat synthetic identity fraud going forward. According to the Department of Justice, U.S. Attorneys are ramping up prosecution of these cases.

In May 2018, the government passed a law that intends to reduce rates of synthetic identity fraud. The law requires the SSA to provide banks with an electronic system that can check whether an applicant’s name and date of birth matches their SSN within 24 hours. This system will make it easier and faster for banks to detect synthetic identities before they unwittingly provide credit to fraudsters.

Banks are also beginning to experiment with biometric technology that could help fight fraud, like using voice recognition security to detect if a certain voice has been associated with multiple identities.

With the increasing scrutiny on synthetic identity fraud and CPN fraud, buying or using a CPN for any reason is a dangerous game. If you were to obtain a CPN and use it instead of your SSN on documents, you would be creating a record of committing fraud that could be detected and traced back to you, especially as banks and the federal government start taking more severe action against fraud.

Avoiding a CPN Scam

When it comes to protecting yourself from CPN scams, your best bet is to stay far away from anyone trying to sell you a CPN, EIN, or anything that is supposed to somehow “wipe the slate clean” of your bad credit. Companies claiming that you can apply for a new line of credit in a way that is completely independent of your credit history are trying to mislead you.

Since lenders can look into your address, name, date of birth, and other information besides your SSN, they can easily tell that you have used a false SSN because they have other information they can use to verify your identity. For this reason, some CPN providers encourage their customers to change their names and addresses. If a company selling CPNs advises you to change your address, phone number, or anything else about your current identity, that is a huge red flag that they are committing fraud—and so are you.

Unfortunately, many scammers often prey on those who are most in need: those who are low-income and can’t afford another financial hit. Tricked by promises of clean scores and better credit, users are misled into buying a CPN.

The problems occur when CPNs are used to take out lines of credit. If the borrower fails to make payments, the lender may have little recourse since a fraudulent ID number was used for the borrower. At this point, an investigation may be opened, and investigators can follow the paper trail to the consumer.

Although there are stories of people getting away with using CPNs, keep in mind that sometimes investigations take place and charges are filed several years after the fraudulent activity occurred.

In 2015, a man from Louisiana was charged with felony racketeering, including theft, identity theft, and money laundering for defrauding hundreds of people and financial institutions with his credit repair company. He sold SSNs stolen from children as CPNs for hundreds of dollars each, claiming they would replace the SSNs of the unknowing victims of his scheme. He could face up to 75 years in prison if convicted.

In another current example that took place in 2018, Calvin Wayne Cade, Jr., of Oklahoma City, pleaded guilty to knowingly making a false statement to a financial institution by using CPNs to falsify his SSN in credit applications. The CPNs he used were stolen SSNs belonging to children born in 2006 and 2008. By using a fraudulent number on credit applications, Cade deceived banks, credit card companies, and retailers into thinking he had a better credit history than he really did.

With the lines of credit he received using these CPNs, he purchased vehicles, TVs, furniture, computers, and more, and then failed to make payments on the credit accounts, causing financial losses to the creditors. Cade was sentenced to 18 months in prison followed by three years of supervised release. He has also been ordered to pay $112,924.54 in restitution to the other creditors he defrauded.

Summarizing CPNs

A social security number is the most important and high-level personal identification number used in the United States. The government issues these numbers and they are not to be bought or sold on the open market. Misrepresenting your SSN is a federal crime, so by definition, using a CPN in place of your SSN is also a federal crime.

The proliferation and use of CPNs has become highly associated with a new form of fraud called synthetic identity fraud. Since this is relatively new the government is quickly catching up to illegal businesses who sell these CPNs which assist those who are looking to synthesize a new identity. Court cases as recent as 2018 are showing that people who engage in this type of fraud can receive heavy fines and prison time.

While there are many companies who advertise that CPNs are perfectly legal, the governing federal agencies have clearly stated this is not the case. The use of CPNs to obscure SSNs is illegal, period.

The government has prioritized synthetic identity fraud as a major concern of national security. In response, federal agencies including the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI, the Postal Inspection Service, the Secret Service, the Department of State, Social Security Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission are creating new task forces to investigate and prosecute fraudulent activity.

Why We Don’t Work With CPNs

Since using CPNs to apply for credit is a federal crime, we cannot assist consumers who are looking to use them. Our service is strictly for people using a valid SSN. We verify all of our clients’ SSNs through third-party databases before processing orders and we take all necessary measures to protect our credit partners, our clients, and creditors. Under no circumstances will we accept a CPN, and any orders attempting to bypass our filters will not be refunded.

If you’re looking for a quick solution to erase your debt or a poor credit score, there is no silver bullet. Not only will CPNs not solve your problems, but you could get in serious trouble with the government. Instead, work on building positive credit the right way using your SSN.

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Watch Out for These Tradeline Myths

The tradeline industry is full of rumors, myths, and inaccuracies. Since we aim to educate consumers on how tradelines work and how the credit system works, we want to dispell some of these common myths about tradelines.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits credit discrimination and helps protect authorized users tradelines.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits credit discrimination and helps protect authorized users tradelines.

1. Tradelines Are Illegal

Unfortunately, many people immediately discount the idea of using tradelines because they believe the pervasive myth that tradelines are illegal.

The reason this myth exists is that FICO stated in 2008 that the FICO 9 credit score would eliminate the benefits of authorized user tradelines for credit piggybackers by somehow distinguishing between “real” authorized users and those who just want to use AU tradelines to build their credit profile.

However, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prevents this kind of credit discrimination, and FICO admitted to Congress that this action would illegally violate ECOA. Thus, FICO was forced to reverse its decision.

It seems that many people assumed that since the issue of tradelines went all the way to Congress, they must have been banned, but that is not the case. To the contrary, Congress actually protected the ability of consumers to use authorized user tradelines.

As further evidence that tradelines are legal, the banks themselves actually promote the practice of becoming an authorized user for the specific purpose of boosting your credit score.

2. Tradelines Don’t Work Anymore

This is another myth that arose out of the FICO controversy in 2008. Since FICO claimed that their new credit scoring model would be able to differentiate between traditional authorized users and those trying to “game the system,” many people assumed that this meant AU tradelines wouldn’t work anymore.

However, as we discussed above, FICO was not legally able to go through with this plan, which means anyone can still take advantage of the benefits of user tradelines.

ECOA protects authorized users from being discriminated against, so AU tradelines are here to stay.

Plus, even if FICO does manage to come out with a score designed to punish piggybackers in the future, it will likely take years or even decades for lenders to start using the new score.

If you are not convinced that tradelines still work, we recommend reading our article, “Do Tradelines Still Work in 2019?

The Ethics of Tradelines3. Tradelines Are Unethical

Some people think that it is unethical to buy or sell tradelines because they believe that people who buy tradelines are artificially boosting their credit score and can therefore obtain credit that they are not really qualified for.

Firstly, is it unethical to try to boost one’s credit score using legally allowable methods?

People take actions to boost their credit scores every day, such as asking for credit limit increases, taking out new loans to establish more lines of credit, asking their banks to forgive late payments, paying down credit card balances multiple times a month to keep the utilization low, just to name a few.

Becoming an authorized user for the purpose of building credit is just one of many common methods that people use to try to improve their credit.

You have probably even tried several of these techniques yourself. Therefore, it seems that the majority of people do not believe that it is unethical to manipulate credit scores within the legal limits of the law.

In addition, studies have shown that about a third of people have authorized user accounts in their credit profiles and that those authorized user accounts tend to be superior tradelines to the primary accounts in their own name, which means about a third of people are already benefiting from credit piggybacking.

However, minorities have fewer authorized user accounts and benefited less from them compared to whites.

Creating a marketplace where affordable tradelines can be bought and sold helps to create more equal credit opportunity for those who have historically been disadvantaged by an unfair system.

Read “The Ethics of Tradelines” for an extended discussion on this topic.

4. Tradelines Are Expensive

One of the common complaints about tradelines is that they are expensive. Historically, tradelines were only available to the wealthy and privileged due to their high cost.

That may still be true for a lot of tradeline companies, but Tradeline Supply Company, LLC has been a leader in revolutionizing the tradeline industry and making tradelines affordable for everyone.

Our fully automated online platform allows us to keep costs down and provide fairly priced tradelines to consumers.

Our tradelines range in price from as low as $150 to around $1500. Our inventory of thousands of tradelines means virtually everyone can find tradelines that fit their needs as well as their budget.

We have also helped contribute to lower pricing in the industry as a whole. Other companies have started to follow our lead and lower their prices to stay competitive.

All of this means that tradelines are now more affordable than ever.

5. Primary Tradelines Are Better Than Authorized User Tradelines

People often assume that primary tradelines are superior to authorized user tradelines. They think that since authorized users are not held financially responsible for a credit account, primary tradelines must be more powerful, but this belief is somewhat misguided.

When it comes to building credit, the ultimate goal is to open your own primary accounts and maintain a positive history on those accounts, so in this sense, primary tradelines are the priority.

However, when it comes to buying tradelines, trying to buy a primary tradeline is generally not a good idea. Firstly, the primary tradeline industry is full of scams and questionable practices, some of which may even be illegal.

If you think about it, it doesn’t really make sense to try to “buy” a credit account that, by definition, is supposed to have been issued to you by the creditor. If the account was not issued to you, that means someone else had to have opened that account in their name at some point, so how does it then become your primary tradeline?

Secondly, purchasing a primary tradeline may not even help achieve your goals as much as you might think. A legitimate primary tradeline will have no age and no payment history associated with it and will probably have a low limit as well.

In contrast, you can legitimately purchase authorized user tradelines that have lots of age and perfect payment history in addition to high credit limits.

Which option do you think would be better for your credit: the brand-new account with a low limit, or a seasoned AU tradeline with a high limit? In general, the seasoned authorized user tradeline is going to be the better choice.

6. Tradelines Are an Alternative to Credit Repair

Tradelines vs. Credit RepairWhile tradelines and credit repair are often used together, they are not the same thing, and it’s important to understand the difference.

An easy way to think about the distinction between tradelines and credit repair is that tradelines add positive information to your credit report, while credit repair removes inaccurate information from your credit report.

If your credit report has damaging errors on it that are lowering your score, any tradelines you add will be limited in their power. For this reason, you may want to undergo credit repair before or in tandem with tradelines.

Similarly, tradelines should not be used as a substitute for credit repair. While they can help to balance out derogatory accounts, this is not the same thing as cleaning up errors in your credit report.

The best results for your credit can be obtained by using both credit repair and tradelines together.

7. Authorized User Tradelines Do Not Count for Mortgages or Auto Loans
For the majority of the most common mortgages, there is no minimum tradeline requirement.

For the majority of the most common mortgages, there is no minimum tradeline requirement.

We do not advertise our tradelines saying if you buy our tradelines you can then qualify for a mortgage or auto loan. However, we have done some research and we have found that for the majority of the most common mortgages (most conventional, FHA, and VA loans) there is no minimum tradeline requirement in order to qualify for those loans.

In other words, someone can have zero tradelines and could still potentially be qualified to buy a house. The main factors will typically be the debt-to-income ratio, loan-to-value ratio, and credit score.

Fannie Mae typically updates their underwriting guidelines in regards to authorized user tradelines on their website.

We have heard there are similar guidelines for auto loans as well. Again, we are not claiming that buying tradelines can help someone buy houses or cars, but we are simply addressing this common myth.

8. I Can’t Get Tradelines That Were Opened Before My 18th Birthday

Some people believe that you cannot or should not buy tradelines that were opened before you turned 18 years old. The theory seems to be that it would look suspicious if you were to have an authorized user tradeline while under the age of 18, so somehow the tradeline wouldn’t count toward your credit history.

Contrary to this myth, you do not have to buy tradelines that were opened after your 18th birthday.

Contrary to this myth, you do not have to buy tradelines that were opened after your 18th birthday.

In reality, there are many examples to show that this is not true. Parents often add their children as authorized users of their credit cards well before age 18, whether they allow their children to actually use the credit cards or they just want to help their children build a credit history from a young age.

Imagine this hypothetical example: let’s say you are 16 years old. Your father has a credit card that has been open for 20 years. He wants you to be able to use the credit card in case of emergencies, so he adds you as an authorized user to his 20-year-old account. In this case, the tradeline actually extends back to before you were born, but that does not prohibit you from being an authorized user on the account.

Of course, there may be exceptions to this rule, since different banks may have different policies as to the minimum age of authorized users.

However, if you are over the age of 18 and buying tradelines, it should not matter how old the tradeline is.

9. Tradelines Are Only a Temporary Solution
Although tradelines usually only report as open for two months, they remain on your credit report as part of your permanent credit history.

Although tradelines usually only report as open for two months, they remain on your credit report as part of your permanent credit history.

While it is true that a tradeline will typically only report as an open account on your credit report for two reporting cycles, this does not mean that tradelines are only a temporary solution.

Once you are removed from the tradeline, the account will then show as closed, and the closed account will remain on your credit report as part of your permanent credit history for as long as the bank continues to report it.

Although closed accounts are assumed to weigh less on your credit score than open accounts, since the closed tradeline is still a part of your credit history, it will likely still factor into your credit score.

10. The Credit Limit Is More Important Than Age

Between the two most important factors to consider when choosing a tradeline, age and credit limit, we usually recommend prioritizing getting as much age as possible, because age is the most powerful factor of a tradeline. Of course, this depends on what your goals are, but in most cases, age is more valuable than the credit limit.

This is because age goes hand-in-hand with payment history, together making up 50% of a credit score. When it comes to the length of your credit history, more is always better.

11. Buying a Tradeline Guarantees a Score Increase

Those looking to improve their credit score sometimes mistakenly assume that they can go out and buy any tradeline and get a guaranteed credit score boost. This is a dangerous myth because if buyers are not educated and choose the wrong tradeline for their specific credit situation, buying a tradeline could actually backfire and hurt their credit.

To make sure you don’t fall into this trap, we recommend reading “How to Choose a Tradeline,” “Common Mistakes Made When Buying Tradelines,” and “The #1 Secret on How to Unlock the Power of Tradelines.”

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The Future of Credit Repair and Tradelines

Big changes are happening in the world of credit repair and tradelines.

The tradeline industry is expanding rapidly. Gone are the days of only the wealthy having access to the strategy of credit piggybacking.

Innovations by tradeline companies have made tradelines more accessible than ever, helping to promote equal credit opportunity.

The top credit repair companies are getting on board with authorized user tradelines as a way to take their clients—and their businesses—to the next level of success.

Keep reading to find out why the future of credit repair depends on tradelines.

Tradelines & Credit Repair Go Hand-in-Hand
Credit repair and tradelines work best together. Click to go to the full version of our infographic.

Credit repair and tradelines work best together. Click to go to the full version of our infographic.

As we discussed in “Credit Repair vs. Tradelines,” when it comes to establishing or re-establishing credit, credit repair can only go so far.

It can remove inaccurate information, but then what is the client left with? They may end up with a thin file or they may have accurate negative information that cannot be removed.

The client still needs to show that they have a credit history. Removing too much information from their credit file could backfire and hurt their credit more than it helps.

The client not only needs credit repair but also credit restoration and reestablishment.

Credit repair is only half of the equation. The other half of the equation is tradelines, which can add positive credit history to a client’s credit file to reestablish their credit.

Unfortunately, the credit repair industry has not yet fully come around to the idea of using tradelines as an integral part of their business model.

This is changing rapidly, however, as credit repair businesses are realizing why authorized user tradelines are so valuable and how easy they are to add to their credit repair services.

How Credit Repair Companies Can Benefit from Tradelines

Although many credit repair businesses have historically been resistant to using tradelines, they would do well to reevaluate this stance. Tradelines can allow credit repair businesses to expand their offerings and grow at a much faster pace.

Here are some of the benefits credit repair companies can reap from integrating tradelines into their business:

Tradelines can enhance clients’ results and increase customer satisfaction.
Tradelines provide an opportunity to upsell and add value to your services.
It is easy to integrate tradelines into a credit repair business model.
Selling tradelines can increase your monthly revenue by thousands of dollars.

Why Don’t More Credit Repair Companies Offer Tradelines?
The legitimacy of tradelines has been confirmed by the U.S. Congress.

The legitimacy of tradelines has been confirmed by the U.S. Congress.

One common concern we hear from credit repair companies is the question of whether tradelines are legal. While we understand why this is such a common question, we want to clear up the misconceptions people have about the legality of tradelines.

Tradeline Supply Company, LLC does not give legal advice, but we can look to the government organizations that have provided guidance on this issue.

In 2008, the issue of piggybacking using AU tradelines was discussed in Congress after FICO tried unsuccessfully to eliminate the ability for AU tradelines to be factored into FICO scores.

Because of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974, which prohibits credit discrimination, FICO was forced to admit that they could not exclude certain AUs from their credit scoring models. The fact that this congressional hearing protected the status of AU tradelines supports the idea that tradelines are legal.

Understandably, however, the tradeline industry has earned a reputation for not being the most trustworthy business. Unfortunately, there are illegal and unethical tactics that take place within the tradeline industry that consumers should watch out for.

Tradeline Supply Company, LLC is changing the tradeline industry for the better by fighting unethical and illegal practices.

Tradeline Supply Company, LLC is changing the tradeline industry for the better by fighting unethical and illegal practices.

There are plenty of companies out there that sell tradelines while also participating in questionable and potentially fraudulent activities, such as address merging, selling primary tradelines, and using CPNs.

It’s important to work with a tradeline company that operates ethically and is fully compliant with laws and regulations. With our high standard of integrity, Tradeline Supply Company, LLC stands out from the tradeline companies that engage in unethical practices, and we aim to change the entire tradeline industry for the better.

Conclusions on the Future of Tradelines and Credit Repair

Tradeline companies who operate with ethics and integrity are breaking down the stigma of tradelines and showing how they help to create equal credit opportunity.

As a result, authorized user tradelines are no longer an underground strategy accessible only by the privileged few. Anyone can now use tradelines to build credit. The consumers who stand to benefit most from tradelines include those seeking credit repair.

While credit repair helps to remove damaging inaccuracies from consumers’ credit reports, removing negative information is often not enough to get people to where they want to be. Tradelines represent an opportunity to add positive credit history, helping to restore and rebuild consumers’ credit.

The Future of Credit Repair and Tradelines

Despite this fact, some credit repair companies still do not offer tradelines to their customers because they feel that tradelines are a threat to their business. They see tradeline companies as competition because clients may end up spending money on tradelines as opposed to their credit repair services.

However, this outdated view of the tradeline industry is preventing credit repair professionals from better serving their customers and ultimately stunting the growth of their businesses.

Credit repair companies who are adapting, innovating, and poised to thrive in changing times understand that they can no longer ignore the value of tradelines.

Tradelines allow credit repair businesses to offer more services, get better results for their clients, and multiply their profits. Simply put, credit repair companies cannot afford to miss out on tradelines if they want to keep up with the times.

Credit repair works best when paired with tradelines. In the future of credit repair and tradelines, the best credit repair companies will thrive by using tradelines to complement their credit repair services and maximize results for their clients.

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The #1 Secret on How to Unlock the Power of Tradelines

Tradelines are simple. There are only two main variables: Age and limit. Of course, price and posting dates are also important, but let’s set that aside for the moment.

If you want to see good results, you have to focus on age. Age makes up 50% of the credit score because 35% is payment history and 15% is the actual age. However, it is impossible to separate the age from the payment history or the payment history from the age, so in reality, these two categories are combined to form 50% of the credit score.

The other variable of a tradeline is the credit limit. The limit can affect the overall utilization ratio and possibly some other variables in the secret credit score algorithms, but mainly the overall utilization ratio. Since the amounts owed make up approximately 30% of the credit score, people tend to think that the limit of the tradeline is more important, but if you believe this, you are misinformed and you will not get the results you hope for.

Here’s the reason why the limit of a new tradeline does not help as much as people hope: if someone is trying to lower their overall utilization ratio, then that means they currently have high utilization on some of their credit cards.

If someone is carrying a lot of revolving debt, a high-limit tradeline may not provide the results they would hope for.

If someone is carrying a lot of revolving debt, a high-limit tradeline may not provide the results they would hope for.

For example, if someone has several cards that are maxed out, it may seem to make more sense to lower their overall utilization ratio by buying a high limit tradeline as opposed to paying down their cards. However, if they do this, they still have the same amount of cards that are maxed out, and that alone is a very powerful negative factor.

Adding one or two high limit cards does not change the fact that the person still has several maxed out cards, which, as we all know, lowers a credit score. Changing the overall utilization ratio has been shown to be a relatively weak variable when individual high-utilization cards are present. Individual high-utilization cards tend to outweigh the overall utilization ratio.

To illustrate another example, let’s look at it from the opposite perspective of someone starting with a high credit score and a large amount of available credit who sees their score drop after maxing out their cards. (This is a hypothetical example with made-up numbers just to illustrate the point.)

Hypothetical scenario:

780 credit score
10 credit cards with perfect payment history, each with a $10,000 credit limit ($100,000 in available credit)

The number of Individual cards with high utilization tends to outweigh the overall utilization ratio.

The number of individual cards with high utilization tends to outweigh the overall utilization ratio. Photo by Ellen Johnson.

If this person maxes out one card, they only have a 10% overall utilization ratio, but their score might drop to 710.

If this person maxes out a second card, they only have a 20% overall utilization ratio, but their score might drop to 660.

If this person maxes out a third card, they only have a 30% overall utilization ratio, but their score might drop to 640.

Now, if this person were to add a tradeline with a $50,000 limit, the overall utilization ratio may drop back down to 20%, but they may not see any improvement to their score at all, which has to do with the fact that they have three maxed-out credit cards.

The take-home message is this: if someone has high utilization on multiple credit cards, changing the overall utilization ratio alone is not going to solve that problem, and they may not see a significant benefit.

How a Seasoned Tradeline Can Help

The secret to using tradelines effectively is buying “seasoned” tradelines, which are tradelines that have significant age (generally at least two years). We estimate that as much as 90% of the power of a tradeline has to do with its age. However, just looking at the age of an individual tradeline alone is also not the correct way to shop for a tradeline.

The power of a tradeline will always be relative to what is already in someone’s credit report.

Therefore, the most effective way to choose a tradeline is to look at how the new tradeline will affect a person’s average age of accounts.

This is the secret key to unlocking the power of a tradeline. This factor alone is the most significant aspect of how tradelines work.

We have identified several possible age tiers of special significance, especially with respect to one’s average age of accounts. These special age tiers are:

2 Years
5 Years
8 Years
10 Years
20 Years

Therefore, if someone has an average age of accounts of 1.5 years, then the next target would be to pass the 2-year mark with their average age of accounts. Similarly, if someone has an average age of accounts of 3 years, the next target would be to get their average age of accounts past 5 years, and so on.

Often people make the mistake of only looking at the age of a tradeline by itself and not taking into account how the tradeline will affect their average age of accounts.

For example, if someone determines that their average age of accounts is 5 years, they might conclude that any tradeline over 5 years old is what they need, so they might choose a tradeline that is 7 years old.

However, by only adding a 7-year-old tradeline, they would have only increased their average age of accounts from 5 years to 5.2 years, which obviously is not a significant change and certainly does not get their average age of accounts up to the next age tier.

To make this easy, we have created a Tradeline Calculator, which helps you quickly calculate your average age of accounts, and demonstrates how a new tradeline may affect this powerful variable.

Using our Tradeline Calculator to determine your average age of accounts will help guide you in choosing the best tradelines for your particular situation.

Bottom Line:

Age is the most powerful factor of a tradeline and it almost always outweighs the utilization factor.
The best way to choose a tradeline is to figure out how adding a tradeline would affect your average age of accounts.

Additional resources on choosing tradelines effectively:

How to Choose a Tradeline: A Buyer’s Guide
Tradeline Calculator
Common Mistakes Made When Buying Tradelines
Questions Every Authorized User Should Ask When Buying Tradelines

 

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